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第八章： Rman备份
1、rman备份分类：
1）归档：可以做一致性和非一致性备份 2）非归档：一致性备份 2、rman备份的分类： 1）backupset -------一致性备份 RMAN> run { 2> shutdown immediate; 3> startup mount; 4> allocate channel c1 type disk; 5> allocate channel c2 type disk; 6> backup database format '/disk1/rman/prod/%d_%s.bak'; 7> alter database open; 8> } ---------非一致性备份 RMAN> backup database format='/disk1/rman/prod/prod_%s.bak' filesperset 3; RMAN> backup tablespace users format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak' tag=userbak; RMAN> backup datafile 2,3,5 format '/disk1/rman/prod/%d_%s.bak'; 2）snapshot 镜像 RMAN> copy datafile 2 to '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak'; RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users format='/disk1/rman/prod/%d_users_%s.bak'； [oracle@work ~]$ ls -lth /disk1/rman/prod total 101M -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 101M Aug 18 06:12 users_15.bak [oracle@work ~]$ -------生成的备份文件的大小和原datafile大小相同3、增量备份：只备份发生变化的block（rman通过在备份时记录datablock的scn，下次备份时通过比较上次备份的数据块上的scn来确定数据块是否发生变化）
1）差异增量备份（Differential incremental backup）：下次备份时比较上次以来同级别或低级别的备份，为备份基础 -----0级备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 0 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_0_%s.bak' tablespace users; RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets ===================BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 16 Incr 0 464.00K DISK 00:00:01 18-AUG-11 BP Key: 16 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110818T064000 Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_0_19.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 16 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 2 0 Incr 1319567 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf ------2级备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 2 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_2_%s.bak' tablespace users; BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 18 Incr 2 112.00K DISK 00:00:01 18-AUG-11 BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110818T064135 Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_2_21.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 18 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 2 2 Incr 1319644 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf ------1级备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 1 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_1_%s.bak' tablespace users; BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 22 Incr 1 176.00K DISK 00:00:01 18-AUG-11 BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110818T064323 Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_1_25.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 22 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 2 1 Incr 1319760 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf 2）累积增量备份的区别：只比较比自己级别低的作为备份基础 -------2级备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 2 cumulative format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_2cu_%s.bak' tablespace users; -----1级备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_1cu_%s.bak' tablespace users;4、自动备份controlfile 和 spfile